Analyze browser, filesystem, and event artifacts to reconstruct the attack chain, identify the malicious download source, extract second-stage and C2 indicators, and determine persistence, account creation, and lateral movement.

Dog is an easy-rated Linux machine that involves reading sensitive information through an exposed git repository and exposing credentials to get administrator access to BackdropCMS. The admin privileges allow an attacker to exploit Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious archive containing a PHP backdoor to gain an initial foothold. The johncusack user account also reuses the BackdropCMS password. After compromising the johncusack account, the attacker finds that the user can run the bee executable with sudo privileges, which allows the attacker to gain root privileges.

An after-hours alert from the Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) system flags suspicious activity on a Windows workstation. The flagged malware aligns with the Amadey Trojan Stealer. Your job is to analyze the presented memory dump and create a detailed report for actions taken by the malware.

An automated alert has detected unusual XML data being processed by the server, which suggests a potential XXE (XML External Entity) Injection attack. This raises concerns about the integrity of the company’s customer data and internal systems, prompting an immediate investigation.

Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. ‘Password01’), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords.

On May 2, 2024, a multinational corporation identified suspicious PowerShell processes on critical systems, indicating a potential malware infiltration. This activity poses a threat to sensitive data and operational integrity. You have been provided with a memory dump (memory.dmp) from the affected system. Your task is to analyze the dump to trace the malware’s actions, uncover its evasion techniques, and understand its persistence mechanisms.